
引用自:http://hkila.org.hk/mbook2.htm
一. 惡法非法
王上,您的律令並不是天帝的意旨。
冥地諸神用以維持正義的法律也沒有這一條。

引用自:http://hkila.org.hk/mbook2.htm
一. 惡法非法

全文引用自:http://tsunghanchiang.googlepages.com/armandmattelart
文/宋國誠(文化評論家)
唐老鴨、米老鼠、獅子王、史奴比、小熊維尼……,這些俏皮可愛的動物卡通和造型布娃,不只是動畫或玩具而已,而是一種「虛擬人格」的塑造。隱藏在這些卡通人物背後的,是一系列既是精心規劃又是不經意流露的帝國意識形態。「歡愉性」是今日傳播帝國主義最主要的「獵心策略」,從早期的迪斯奈卡通到今日的「哈利波特」旋風,西方全球文化殖民的手法,已從赤裸的圖像灌輸進展到魔幻神奇的心志麻醉。
被視為「左翼∕批判」傳播理論健將,現任教於法國巴黎第八大學的阿芒.馬特拉(Armand Mattelart, 1936─ ),被視為當代(西方)傳播史和資訊霸權最有力的批判者。1962─1973年,馬特拉以聯合國社會發展專家身份,擔任智利首都聖地牙哥天主教大學傳播社會學教授,在智利「人民團結陣線」執政時期(1970-1973年)(註1),出任智利第一位馬克思主義總統阿連德(Salvador G. Allende)的國際事務顧問。阿連德總統推行土改和國有政策,外交上走反美、反帝、反殖路線,因此得罪了美國。1973年美國CIA暗中策動皮諾切特 (Augusto Pinochet)發動軍事政變,阿連德總統在總統府內飲彈自盡。隨後馬特拉遭到驅逐,1975年返回巴黎。
漫畫帝國主義

引用自:blog.youthwant.com.tw/ywmovie/movie/84/德國女導演多莉絲朵利(Doris Dorrie)昨天接受台灣媒體連線專訪,暢談她的新作《當櫻花盛開》(CHERRY BLOSSOMS - HANAMI)。多莉絲朵利的心情極好,在訪問的過程中不時放聲大笑,並令人意外主動地談起了她已過世12年的丈夫。多莉絲朵利的丈夫荷治溫德勒(Helge Weindler)是一名電影攝影師,在他20年的掌鏡生涯中,總共和多莉絲朵利合作過八部電影,她寫劇本、導演,他則負責拍攝,熱愛電影的兩人婦唱夫隨地拍攝了許多電影佳作,也橫掃了德國、甚至歐洲大大小小的獎項。
然而天妒良緣,12年前她與丈夫在西班牙拍攝《我漂亮嗎?》(Am I Beautiful?)時,丈夫荷治卻因急性腦膜炎而猝逝,未留下隻字片語,讓多莉絲朵利和六歲的女兒獨自面對茫茫的未來…。《我漂亮嗎?》之後雖然同樣獲得了許多獎,但卻是多莉絲朵利的傷心之作。而多莉絲朵利的新作《當櫻花盛開》除了引用了小津安二郎的《東京物語》部分故事枝節外,多莉絲朵利昨天並首度坦誠電影中其餘的劇情,都是來自她的真實人生和體悟,那是她真正決定要坦然面對自內心的作品。丈夫荷治的猝逝,讓多莉絲朵利幾乎失去了創作的能力,她甚至一度懷疑自己是不是已經不會導戲了…。多莉絲朵利昨天重拾她的爽朗笑聲,她說《當櫻花盛開》確實是有她自己故事在其中:「我很了解悲哀是什麼,但《當櫻花盛開》讓我告別了過去。」
公開徵求劇本《當櫻花盛開》導演多莉絲朵利想來台拍片
In my observation, no matter when in ancient Greece or in modern days, being faithful in marriage seems harder than making vows. It needs efforts from both sides. Meanwhile, as a wife, they have no choice but to be obedient, just like “female slaves.” Just as Teacher Tseng had said, as female slaves, women in ancient Greece are one of the male’s poverty. They are told not to have opinions because men equal “power.” With power at hand, cheating on marriage seems to be taken for granted. However, even though we are all live in modern world, men and women still keep fighting for “power” and dignity. Ironically, wars between both sides never stop, and the answer still keeps unknown. Contributing to efforts for women rights, nowadays cheating is never considered men’s “patent.” Women resort to divorce, official solution to end up the marriage. In Medea, Jason and Medea have been through a lot after the adventures of Golden Fleece before their marriage. Gradually, their relaitonship came to an end while Jason betrayed her. Finally, Medea resorted to violence. It is female’s wrong, which is not the achievements of women’s right. Then, what’s wrong with marriage? Throughout the whole history, being honest and faithful in marriage would never be “a piece of cake.” That is to say, to “live happily ever after” depends on how much pain you get and how much effort you pay. Thus, questions keep popping out of my head. Would it be that difficult to seriously look upon marriage? Or, is staying faithful a mission impossible? Whether marriage is somewhat like divorce or not? Perhaps, all the vows and promises end up with quarrels and frights. Then, they start fighting for kids, money, and fame. Sometimes, it may end up with violence like in Medea. Where is the “true love” thing gone?
Since I read Medea as a classic tragic masterpiece, I have been totally overwhelmed by the “violence” in Medea. To refer to the violence, Medea deals with her domestic problem with violence, which reflects how extremely furious she confront while being cheated in marriage. As we all know about Medea, she is the woman who killed her son as revenge. But the thing I am more concerned about is the “cause.” Why did Medea act like a cruel mother, true stereotype or false? As a foreigner, a princess, a mother, and, a woman, is Medea’s “social positions” bothering?To me, as a modern girl in this age, Medea still arouses my sympathy. She makes me wonder how a relationship in marriage falls apart and turns out to be a bloody cruelty. Besides, Medea was completely “avant-garde,” challenging and overthrowing the moral value in every reader’s mind. It is never anything but moral breakdown, and what is takes to be discussed is the cause “under” the fact. Therefore, this is the reason why I choose “marriage life” as the theme that I take up for the review paper. I will focus on the unhappy marriage which gives rise to Medea’s domestic violence concerning her social positions as a woman and a wife. Moreover, I will discuss how “time” differs the notion in marriage from ancient to modern women.
For a woman, nor can she say no to her marriage.
She arrives among new modes of behavior and manners,
And needs prophetic power, unless she has learnt at home,
引用自:http://www.wretch.cc/blog/chihwei12/17863900
吳維緯--劇場是,妳想像什麼他就是什麼。
侯莞亭/訪談、撰稿
國立台北藝術大學劇場藝術研究所表演碩士。曾任華岡藝校影劇系兼任講師,現為劇場演員、舞台監督。劇場演出代表作品包括:賴聲川導演《如夢之夢》、徐堰鈴導演《踏青去》、《三姐妹》、Baboo導演《百年孤寂》等,表現突出,深具魅力。近年演出作品:《踏青去》 (女節)、《K》〈誠品戲劇節〉、《麥可傑可森》〈3M劇團〉。
還沒真正見到吳維緯之前,就先在網路上找到了許多書寫她的文章。寫她的,有身邊的朋友、有劇場工作者、有劇場觀眾,但是對於吳維緯,卻都描繪出極度類似的形象—她是個標準的工作狂,永遠會想辦法把自己的時間填得滿滿的,永遠在想辦法替大家解決問題、永遠精力充沛。
我的確知道我正在做一件相當危險的事情,關於這兩樣表演的比較作文,乍聽之下,像是把兩個風馬牛不相及的東西硬放在一起,賦予他們一些有一搭沒一搭的意義。但對我來說,我的立論好像可以從吃便當中找到的道理來解釋。看De
我開始「享受」De
早已慕名已久想看看魏瑛娟的《瘋狂場景-莎士比亞悲劇簡餐》,如何把莎士比亞的四部作品的主角,來個虛擬現實大混戰,因此去研究室借了片子想好好欣賞。那《瘋狂場景-莎士比亞悲劇簡餐》對我這個文學掛帥的中央英文系學生而言,是「驚嚇」還是「享受」呢?是驚嚇大於享受,還是享受大於驚嚇?個人認為,我應該將我的感受,解釋為「驚喜」。身為一個應該要很了解四大悲劇到底在悲些什麼的人,在魏瑛娟的作品裡,尋找劇目拼貼錯置後的脈絡紋理,對我真的是一大挑戰!因此我很不畏艱難的選了它做報告,應該是不怕死吧,為了向她致敬,我決定向更高處邁進!一開始李爾王就吸引了我的目光,雖然到後來,腳色變化之大,同一個演員可能會演出不同的腳色,意思是同一個腳色會由剛剛不是演這位腳色的演員來演,這讓沒有親臨現場的觀眾實在很難follow,可能有時候在特寫某位演員的表情時,就會拍不到兩旁的跑馬燈變換了什麼字,所以看起來很辛苦。馬馬在第一幕的時候,她的聲音表情就著實的吸引著我,首先她用它的肢體表達慌亂,她的聲音表達情感,她就像瘋子一樣不時的大哭,大叫,又會參雜著幾個尖銳的叫笑聲,讓觀眾雖然下意識的認為,「噢,她這個時候的情緒應該要是悲傷的」,但其實不然,我就覺得她的表演有一度把聲音和動作分開來,情緒和肢體分家,服裝和球鞋極不搭軋,一邊做舞蹈動作還可以一邊哭,我想除了以人格分裂解釋還真無他解。我也喜歡上半場安排馬克白和奧塞羅像主持人一樣的拿著麥克風對話,「好好的善待這些演員吧!」好像是在向觀眾講話,以敘事的方式點破劇情走向,誇張的音樂cue點好像在挑釁觀眾看戲抽離和投入程度的拉鋸。而這時候台上和台下等於沒有任何界線,還可以看到工作人員在場邊喝水休息,化妝台也變成舞台設計的一部分,音樂設計直接在舞台上進行,一切的一切都在挑戰觀眾與表演者的界線。我的第一個驚喜來自馬克白〈這時候是馬克白夫人才對〉的演出,我真的好喜歡他的戲。就像她說的「世界是一座大舞台,所有的男男女女不過是演員。」我們時時在搬演著自己的腳色,自己在大舞台中的定位也是永遠的被挑戰著。我覺得普遍將魏瑛娟的作品解釋成「這是一部將莎士比亞的瘋狂片段結合的一部劇」,應該還有更多是我們值得去觀察賞味的。我最喜歡的一段,就是當台上討論著to be or not to be該如何翻譯,接下來有位演員拿著指揮棒,指揮著台上的樂團,口中念著獨白,台前奧塞羅想掐死李爾王,這一段我特別喜歡,是因為這又是另外一個理智與瘋狂邊緣的遊走,此時搭配著幽微的音樂聲,那音樂真的讓我感到有死亡的最後鐘聲的感覺,聽覺上就給予了我覺得這整樣的劇情安排,是可以成立的。有別於在《我們之間心心相印》中三個女主角童稚的友情,天真的語言,我認為《瘋狂場景-莎士比亞悲劇簡餐》的語言是暴力的,是激烈的;腳色都有著非死的決心,復仇的欲望;而性別的錯置,時空的交錯也有別於一般平直的鋪排,彷彿預言著「就算我們再倒退個四百年,人性也不會有太大進步」。
猶如我第一段所說,有兩種不同的便當吃法,當然沒有一種方法可以來測量怎樣的吃法比較好吃。我個人喜歡慢慢吃,我喜歡那種慢慢品嚐後發現其美味有趣的過程,就像我很喜歡藉由看戲抒發自身情感似的,每個人都有慾望,也有瘋狂的一面,這次報告介紹兩種關閉理智,開啟瘋狂按鈕的入門方法:De
In this essay, I will introduce how language can be manipulated as a weapon during conversation, and how the issues such as gender and power can be attributed to the language manipulation.
As a two-character play, Oleanna possesses the simplest plot: a student came to her professor, asking him desperately in order not to be flunked. Carol and John, sharing the private talk in a private office, have been through different passages during their talk. Clearly, in Act One, the two of them know little about each other, and they have extensively divergent ideas about what really happened. Since Carol and John have the most fundamental acquaintanceship to each other, the block of conversation must be a breakdown or hinder to communication. For instance, “I don’t understand” might be said countless times by both of the characters. Besides, John, who stands in a higher social class, speaks in a more prestigious way and full of bombast. Since his concentration on the phone with a realtor, he carelessly ignored
A Woman Alone is a colorful black comedy about a housewife held prisoner in her own home, driven to attempt suicide by her abusive relationship with a possessive husband, the drudgery of household chores, a passionate affair with a young boy, and constant harassment from her wheelchair bound brother-in-law.
Dario Fo and Franca Rame are Italy's best-known performers, playwrights, and political activists. The courage of their convictions, and their political and social commitment have involved them in numerous controversies with the state, the police, the censors, television, and the Vatican. One of the leading figures in modern farce and political drama, Dario Fo has written over 70 plays, his works have been translated into more than 30 languages, and he received the 1997 Nobel Prize for Literature.
In Kondoleon¹s brilliantly imaginative black comedy, Self-Torture and Strenuous Exercise, two couples are caught in a web of infidelity, loneliness, desire, and denial. As Alvin retreats further and further into his world of vegetables in a quest to understand "God¹s great recipe," Bethany, Carl, and Adel are left fighting their hearts¹ battles on the literary plain. Playwright Harry Kondoleon won the Obie Award, and held Fulbright, National Endowment for the Arts, Rockefeller, and Guggenheim fellowships.
A Woman Alone and Self-Torture and Strenuous Exercise are the second offering in TheatreZone's Actor's Revenge, a festival of actor selected plays. This fall we invited actors to submit proposals for a production they would star in, which were judged by a panel of fellow actors and audience regulars solely on the quality of the actor's past work and their passion for the production. Now, for the first time, some of the finest actors who have worked with TheatreZone over the years have a chance to call the shots! They pick the play, the director, the approach, and cast themselves in the role of their dreams.
Actress Shelley Brown (Anton in Show Business, House of Bernarda Alba, Blood Wedding) is taking a break from her real life as a reasonably cheerful happily married (26 years) successful mother and career woman (in addition to performing regularly and understudying at the Huntington, she is Senior Director of Operations at Children's Hospital Trust) to play two housewives on the verge, driven to attempt suicide. She is also taking the opportunity to work with two of her favorite directors, local actor/director and Brandeis Univ. Professor Emeritus Ted Kazanoff and Vokes Players regular John Barrett.
David Mamet's "Oleanna" is a harrowing, horrifying, gut-wrenching portrayal of two human beings who have entered into - as John, the professor played by William H. Macy declares - an agreement as to certain forms and institutions - and the institution of grading is, though the catalyst for what follows, the least of concerns here.... "Oleanna" is set squarely in the midst of contemporary academia, but the issues it addresses are more far-reaching than those pertaining solely to classrooms and the offices of intellectuals. That said, many may have difficulty relating to the characters and to the specifics of the situation in which they find themselves - the drama is more often than not a drama of words, ideas - "discourses." But these are, ultimately, only the incidentals - or better, the particular manifestations - of what is at root as "simple" as a basic communication breakdown: "I don't understand" is a phrase uttered countless times by both of the protagonists/antagonists. And ultimately, this is what "Oleanna" is really "about": the difficulty - the impossibility?, as it is suggested - for two people to understand each other on the most fundamental level.... The "plot," such as it is, is rather simple: a private meeting between professor and student yields two wildly divergent ideas of what actually took place, and why. Carol, an intense and troubled young student, is concerned with her apparently miserable grade in a course taught by John, and goes to meet him in his office to discuss it. Initially, the audience's sympathies are squarely with Carol - especially in light of the brusque, brutal, even cruel manner with which John initially dismisses her. But slowly, John softens - he begins to see himself in the young girl, and soon he allows his guard to slip - he "dissolves the boundaries between teacher and student" and undertakes to help Carol as a fellow, sympathetic human being.... The equilibrium - if in fact there ever is any at all - is not, however, to last for long; the encounter results in a savage power-struggle in which each participant fails to connect with the other and, ultimately self-absorbed, fails to understand the other's position and motives. "Oleanna" is really about the consequences, it seems, of abstraction - and Mamet and his actors do a wonderful job of demonstrating the disjunction between the real, human core of individuals and the superficial personae that are variously self-adopted and assigned by the other. There are several moments where entente seems on the very verge of realization, in which "feelings" emerge to bridge the gaps separating the middle-aged, middle-class, white male teacher and the young, lower-class, white female student - but the moments are always interrupted by one or the other of the two participants, through, basically, self-absorbed self-indulgence of immediate concerns - be they material or psychological. And each immediately falls back into the traditional, comfortable role s/he has been playing. This film troubled me a great deal - both at the time I watched it, and later. There are, in fact, no easy answers, and the tagline "whichever side you choose, you're wrong" has come to seem to me much truer than I at first thought. The film really is a Foucault-informed meditation on power and discourse - both consciously exercised and unconsciously-assumed. But ultimately, I think, the film indicates that no solutions can be discovered in the very foundation of the problem - the modern tendency to abstract identity from socio-political and intellectual discourses. John seems much closer to the truth than Carol - but he is no less wrong for it - for he fails to "practice what he preaches," whether or not he knows it. These issues are "universal" in today's post-modern Western world - but perhaps nowhere are they better exemplified, or more serious, than in academia, where words are the foundation of life itself. As a chosen academic myself, and as both student and teacher, I found this film woefully plausible (in many respects - the fact that even a second, let alone a third and fourth meeting ever took place is admittedly rather incredulous) and relevant; quite frankly, it terrified me. I can honestly say - even considering my guilty addiction to cheap horror flicks - that "Oleanna" is the scariest movie I have seen in years....
《瘋狂場景─莎士比亞悲劇簡餐》以莎士比亞的四大悲劇《李爾王》、《哈姆雷特》、《奧賽羅》、《馬克白》為改編藍本,擷取各劇本中的經典瘋狂場景重新拼貼詮釋,如李爾王在荒野瘋狂以終;奧菲莉亞投水自盡;馬克白夫人崩潰夢遊及奧賽羅喪失理性殺妻等,讓觀眾在100分鐘的演出裡覽盡莎翁筆下四大悲劇的精華片段,也企圖藉之探討「瘋狂即是智慧」的莎氏哲學。
◎以四大悲劇的瘋狂場景為題,架構出相互交織呼應的舞台交響詩!
導演魏瑛娟表示,新作取名來自於世界知名女高音卡拉絲的專輯《瘋狂場景》〈MadScenes〉,卡拉絲以高亢的嗓音詮釋了《哈姆雷特》裡因失戀而瀕臨瘋狂的奧菲麗亞張力十足,讓她驚艷的同時也興起執導莎劇的念頭。雖然近幾年魏瑛娟的劇場作品以探索動作語彙為主要美學途徑,但魏瑛娟認為做劇場終究要與大師面對面,而莎劇中字字珠璣的格言、或者不斷被人傳誦的哲語以及劇本中所處理的深刻人性與莎士比亞本身的人文主義思想,遂成了她回歸文本的第一選擇,因此《瘋狂場景》對現階段的她而言彷彿水到渠成。
導演莎劇永遠沒有標準答案,當代劇場大師彼得?布魯克便不斷以新的舞台手法和表現形式來展示他所觀察到莎劇的不同面向。魏瑛娟這回將四大悲劇濃縮是一項浩大的工程,更是國內首見的一大創舉,她試圖以瘋狂為統一主題,不管角色是真瘋裝瘋,四個悲劇的瘋狂場景在經過剪裁拼貼後,相互交織呼應,「野心與忌妒」、「謀殺」、「瘋狂」與「死亡」等命題架設出文本結構,形成所謂的莎士比亞悲劇舞台交響詩。
◎瘋狂是人性的一面鏡子,映照出不被社會認同的慾望。
在視線的那端,全身塗滿白粉的舞者緩緩地移動著,時而吐舌、翻白眼,時而在地上蠕動、爬行或翻滾,臉上的表情及肢體動作極為扭曲、猙獰、詭異,彷彿一個個受苦的靈魂,透過變形的身體表達深藏於內心的痛苦、掙扎及慾望。這些舞者所展現出的樣貌,超乎一般人對於表演藝術「美」的認知,令人震驚甚或不忍卒睹。這是人性黑暗面赤裸裸的呈現;這是舞踏。
舞踏(Butoh)源於日本,是第二次世界大戰之後興起的實驗性舞蹈形式。它遊走於光明與黑暗之間,沒有既定的形式或動作,而是一種「身處當下」的態度及直搗生命核心的身心表現。事實上,舞踏並不像我們一般所認知的舞蹈,而是一種「精神」。
第二次世界大戰之前的日本一切以西方文化為尊,不但大量引進西方的各項先進科技,在表演藝術方面也以芭蕾與現代舞所展現的修長身型及對稱的身體美學為尊。到了 1960 年代,戰敗國日本的景氣仍是一片蕭條,街頭也開始出現反戰與學運的遊行隊伍,遙遙呼應美國的反越戰遊行及法國的 68 五月學潮,而日本藝文界此時也開始對於盲目追求西方美感的心態進行省思。
此時,被尊為「舞踏之父」的土方巽(1926-1986)及並列為舞踏宗師的大野一雄,試圖超越西方現代舞及日本傳統舞蹈的既有框架,於是就從日本人「內縮」的身體特質(最顯見的例子是「鞠躬」)出發,創造了獨特的「黑暗之舞」(Ankoku Butoh),也就是「暗黑舞踏」,以激烈的身體語彙鋪陳人心內在幽暗、無盡的吶喊。時至今日,最享譽國際的日本舞踏團體首推天兒牛大所率領的山海塾,成立至今已逾三十年。
舞踏是一種強調耐性、專注與「回歸本真」的表達方式,它呈現出來的身體樣態,一反人們對於舞蹈的既定觀念,它藉由極緩慢的動作凸顯內省及冥想的特質。舞踏沒有固定的姿態或矯柔做作的優雅,取而代之的是肢體的扭曲與擠壓,舞者的樣貌因此看起來不太像個「人」,卻呈現出卸下重重矯飾的人類原始本能,怵目驚心且一點兒也不賞心悅目,是針對「美」的反動。
舞踏最引人注目的就是化白妝的光頭舞者。白妝是為了將舞者的個人身份,即個體的自我抹去,呈現最純粹的生命本質,光頭則代表「回歸原胎」。舞者有時也會戴上假髮、穿著不同的服飾,化身小孩、女人、老者或瘋子等「社會邊緣人」,其頹廢滑稽的模樣不禁使人憶及已故日本大導演黑澤明(1910-1998)片中遊魂般的浪人。此外,白粉會在舞動的過程中飄散,象徵生命的流逝,顯現死亡之姿。
台灣舞蹈治療研究協會理事長暨輔仁大學心理系副教授李宗芹指出,日本的舞蹈治療師分為兩派,一派是在美國受過訓練,取得專業資格認證後返國服務的舞蹈治療師,主張以醫病的角度切入舞蹈治療,注重心理治療學理、衡鑑及分析。另一派舞蹈治療師則對於西方主流的物質主義提出反省與批判,並取材自身文化中既有的身體元素如舞踏,幫助人們對自身進行「解體」,將自我暫且拋下,以動作媒介協助個案探索內在,進而引發新的開展。因此,舞踏可說是日本獨步全球舞療界的精神內涵。
另外,用身體部位或器官表達無法言喻的內在狀態,也象徵著個體突破長久以來的內心桎梏,藉由原原本本的肢體動作走出某種心理狀態或感覺。在舞動的過程中,動者及觀者皆感受強烈的身體經驗,透過動作直接與內在的靈性對話,以啟動生命內裡的能量,促成轉化的契機。舞踏,就是如此震懾與動人。